RUBBER CHEMISTRY Läroverket i Småland AB
chemical and physical transverse bonds between rubber macromolecules resulting in a spatial vulcanizate mesh, giving unique properties to the material. Various chemical vulcanizing agents are used to create the chemical transverse bonds between rubber macromolecules (such as sulphur, peroxides, metal oxides, resins,
A rubber composition for tires which comprises at least one rubber component selected from natural rubber and synthetic rubbers and, based on 100 parts by mass of the rubber component, 0.1 to 45 parts by mass of (A) a terpene phenol resin and 1 to 150 parts by mass of (B) a softener comprising a process oil which comprises polycyclic aromatic compounds (PCA) in an amount
6PPD Wikipedia
6PPD. Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). 6PPD is an organic chemical that is widely used as an antiozonant and antioxidant in rubber tires. It is one of several p -phenylenediamine (PPD) additives used to protect various rubber materials.
To maintain tire properties during use, antioxidants like 6-PPD ( N (1,3-Dimethylbutyl)- N ′-phenyl-p-phenylendiamine) and other phenylendiamines are added to tires to inhibit the oxidation reactions by oxygen or other oxidants like ozone until they are depleted ( Grasland et al., 2019; Layer and Lattimer, 1990 ).
Rubber Chemicals Competitive Cross Reference 8
CHEMICAL LANXESS SOLUTIA HARWICK CHEMTURA VANDERBILT MISCELLANEOUS PHENOLICS 2,6-Di-t-butyl-p-cresol Antioxidant BHT Vulkanox® KB (obs.) Naugard® BHT Vanlube® PCX Butylated rxn product of p-cresol & dicyclopentadiene Antioxidant 12 Vanox® L Wingstay® L (Eliokem) Hindered Phenol Antioxidant 32 Hindered Phenol Antioxidant 33
Epoxidised Natural Rubber (ENR), which gives better compatibility to silica, and higher reinforcement for silica compounds compared to natural rubber. The chemical modifications in ENR (epoxide groups) can react with the silanol group of silica, so that the use of coupling agents such as silane could be eliminated or greatly reduced6. In the 1980s,
Vulcanization & Accelerators Nocil
Vulcanization of rubbers by sulfur alone is an extremely slow and inefficient process. The chemical reaction between sulfur and the Rubber Hydrocarbon occurs mainly aC (doublet the C = bonds ) and each crosslink requires 40 to 55 sulphur atoms (in the absence of accelerator). The process takes around 6 hours at 140°C
the US Rubber Program was born. 'The Manhattan Project is remembered because of its dramatic results, but the Rubber Program was equally critical to the war effort,' says Sarah Hunter from the US Chemical Heritage Foundation. 'In 1941, the annual US synthetic rubber output was less than 8000 tonnes, most of which was unsuitable for the tyres,
antioxidantsand antiozonants Akrochem
continuous supply of protection for the rubber article.These chemicals became known as " Antioxidants". The discovery of " Antiozonants" occurred early in the 20th century, but it wasn't until mid-way through the century before they became widely used. It was discovered that rubber articles (mainly tires) stored for several years quickly
Over the product life cycle, antioxidants [such as PPDs, TMQs (2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline), and phenolics] are designed to diffuse to tire rubber surfaces, rapidly scavenge ground-level atmospheric ozone and other reactive oxidant species, and form protective films to prevent ozone-mediated oxidation of structurally important rubber
